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Examination of spatial heterogeneity in population age frequency and recruitment in the ocean quahog (Arctica islandica Linnaeus 1767)

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Abstract

The ocean quahog, Arctica islandica, is a commercially important species on the northwestern Atlantic continental shelf. This species can live over 200 years with ages varying widely per 5-mm size class (shell length), making study of age-related demographics difficult. To determine how the demography of this species differs across its range, including age frequencies, age-at-length relationships, and sex ratios, ocean quahogs from multiple sites distributed from the Mid-Atlantic Bight to Georges Bank were studied. The age and length frequencies from two populations collected in 2019 from New Jersey, north and south of Hudson Canyon (39.840556 N, 72.821667 W and 39.33 N, 73.545 W, respectively), were analyzed and compared to two other populations from Long Island (40.09658 N, 73.01057 W) and Georges Bank (40.72767 N, 67.79850 W), previously collected in 2015 and 2017. Sex-specific differences were also analyzed to determine how said differences influenced a range of demographic metrics. Though some similarities in recruitment trends exist, likely caused by large-geographic-scale environmental conditions, each site contains a distinct population with distinct demographics. Recruitment is consistent over hundreds of years, but year-to-year and decadal-length variations are apparent. One age–length key may potentially be used to represent Long Island and northern New Jersey, but the remaining sites are significantly dissimilar. Sex ratios also vary, potentially caused by differential survival of one sex during certain times in the past. Mortality rates for Georges Bank are distinctly higher compared to the other populations. Based on these results, the use of separate age–length keys would seem necessary for each population and each sex.

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Data availability

The data sets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the crews from the F/V Big Bob and F/V John N for their assistance in collecting the samples. The authors would also like to thank the reviewers for their comments and edits.

Funding

This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) as well as the Science Center for Marine Fisheries (SCEMFIS) an Industry-University Cooperative Research Center (I/UCRC), under NSF awards 1841435 and 1841112 and through membership fees provided by the SCEMFIS Industry Advisory Board.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, University of Southern Mississippi, 703 East Beach Drive, Ocean Springs, MS, 39564, USA

    Jillian R. Sower, Eric N. Powell, Kathleen M. Hemeon & Sara M. Pace

  2. College of William and Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 1370 Greate Rd, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA

    Roger Mann & Theresa E. Redmond

  3. Abernathy Fish Technology Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Longview, WA, 98632, USA

    Kathleen M. Hemeon

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  1. Jillian R. Sower
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Contributions

Data collection and archival work was performed by Dr. Roger Mann, Dr. Eric N. Powell, Sara Pace, and Theresa Redmond. Samples were processed by Theresa Redmond, Sara Pace and Jillian Sower. Samples were aged by Jillian Sower. Age-reader error analyses were performed by Jillian Sower, Dr. Kathleen M. Hemeon, Sara Pace, Dr. Roger Mann, and Theresa Redmond. Statistical analyses were performed by Jillian Sower and Dr. Eric N. Powell. The manuscript draft was written by Jillian Sower. All authors edited and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jillian R. Sower.

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Sower, J.R., Powell, E.N., Mann, R. et al. Examination of spatial heterogeneity in population age frequency and recruitment in the ocean quahog (Arctica islandica Linnaeus 1767). Mar Biol 170, 38 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-023-04184-6

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